VKL 10

VKL 系统

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VKL 10

Dilution system with a dilution factor of 1:10

The VKL 10 series of dilution systems can reduce the concentration of aerosols by the dilution factor 01:10, also of very highly concentrated aerosols, in a defined and reliable way.

The Palas VKL, 10 dilution systems, are used in vertical operation for the particle size range up to 20 µm for powders and dusts. Dilution factors of up to 1:100,000 are achieved by cascading several VKL systems.

型号变体

Dilution system with a dilution factor of 1:10

Particle-free air with the volume flow V_R circulates through an annular passage around the suction nozzle. Thus, according to Bernoulli, a volume flow V_An is generated at the suction nozzle.

The dilution factor V_F is calculated according to the following formula.

Simple, functional test on-site

With this simple test setup, the Palascascaded dilution systems can be checked by anyone:

Firstly a particle measurement is performed with one dilution step. Here it is essential that the aerosol concentration, e.g., lab air, to be measured does not exceed the coincidence limit (maximum detectable aerosol concentration). In the second step, the dilution step to be tested is connected in series (cascaded). To check the dilution factor of the test step (pos. 2), the total particle count from the measurement in pos. 1 is divided by the total particle count from pos. 2.

Position 1: Lab air

Position 2: Lab air

The VKL 100 measures coincidence-free with the OPC; the VKL 10 is tested.

VKL measurement example 1

Particle class in µm	Number Pos. 1
0.2	151648
0.3	71604
0.5	4305
0.7	360
1.0	82
2.0	16
3.0	1
5.0
Sum	228016
VKL 10 E	10
VKL 10 ED	10
VKL 10 V	10
VKL 27	27
VKL 100	100

VKL measurement example 2

Particle class in µm	Number Pos. 2
0.2	15166
0.3	7290
0.5	524
0.7	65
1.0	21
2.0	3
3.0
5.0	2
Sum	23071
VKL 10 E	10
VKL 10 ED	10
VKL 10 V	10
VKL 27	27
VKL 100	100

Calculation of the dilution factor

Provided the first measurement is not affected by a coincidence error and the dilution system under test is working (not soiled), a dilution factor of almost 10 is determined. If this should not be the case, there was possibly a coincidence in measurement 1. In this case, the aerosol concentration has to be decreased or a further dilution step used. Another possibility would be that the dilution step to be tested is soiled. In this case, the device has to be cleaned and the test repeated.

Characteristics dilution systems

Type	Dilution factor* V_F	Pressure - resistant up to 10 bar	Chemically resistant	Heatable up to ... °C	dp_max in µm	Compressed air 4 - 8 bar	Cascadable	Voltage
DC 100	10, 100				< 5			115 V / 230 V
DC 1000	10, 100, 1000				< 5			115 V / 230 V
DC 10000	10, 100, 1000, 10000				< 5			115 V / 230 V
KHG 10	10		x	150	< 20	x	x	115 V / 230 V
KHG 10 D	10	x	x	150	< 20	x	x	115 V / 230 V
PMPD 100	100		x	200	< 5	x		115 V / 230 V
PMPD 1000	1000		x	200	< 5	x		115 V / 230 V
VDD 10	1 - 10				< 10	x		115 V / 230 V
VKL 10	10				< 20	x	x
VKL 10 E	10		x		< 20	x	x
VKL 10 ED	10	x	x		< 20	x	x
VKL 10 V	10				< 20	x	x
VKL 27	27				< 10	x	x
VKL 100	100				< 2	x	x

*Other dilution factors on request

Table 1: Technical characteristics of Palas dilution systems

VDI report no. 1973 from 2007 proved metrologically that a reproducible aerosol dilution is possible with the Palas dilution systems down to VF 100,000.

参考文献

出版物

Hammer, T.; Roos, D.; et al.: Influence of soot aerosol properties on the counting efficiency of instruments used for the periodic technical inspection of diesel vehicles; Aerosol Research 2 DOI: 10.5194/ar-2-261-2024
Ajtai, T.; Utry, N.; et al.: The investigation of diesel soot emission using instrument combination of multi-wavelength photoacoustic spectroscopy and scanning mobility particle sizer; scientific reports

优势

具体的益处

The dilution systems from Palas^®are characterized unambiguously. This is documented with a calibration certificate for each device
The dilution steps deliver a temporally constant, representative dilution with the factors 10 and 100
The dilution systems can be cascaded with the factors 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 100,000
Low compressed air consumption, e.g. just 128 l/min with a dilution factor of 10,000 with four VKL 10 systems
The dilution steps are combinable with all common particle counters
With a simple test set-up, the users can check these cascaded dilution systems.
Simple, functional test on-site

应用

针对众多行业的个性化解决方案

Aerosol measurement technology: diesel exhaust gases, swarfs, coolant aerosols, weld smoke, oil droplets, test aerosols of filters, and inertial separators
Separation efficiency determination with counting measuring methods, e.g., with dust filters or HEPA/ULPA filters
Leak test and acceptance measurements of clean rooms, isolators, and safety work benches
Inhalation toxicology
Quality control of respirator masks and filter cartridges

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技术数据

详细信息

Volume flow (clean air): 18 – 45 l/min
Volume flow (suction flow): 2 – 5 l/min
Isokinetic suction nozzles: 0.028–0.06 l/min, 0.23–0.5 l/min, 0.6–1.6 l/min, 2–5 l/min, 28 l/min => 15–37 l/min
Maximum particle size: < 20 µm (for dusts)
Compressed air supply: 4 – 8 bar
Dilution factor: 1 : 10
Dimensions: 100 • 245 • 100 mm (H • B • T)
Weight: Approx. 4 kg
Special features: Cascadable

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